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When designing, upgrading, or maintaining an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system, every component matters. While the chillers, boilers, and air handling units often get the most attention, the valves are the unsung heroes that keep the entire network…

Open condenser water and cooling tower loops are unforgiving. Chlorides concentrate, oxidizing biocides run routinely, and deposits create tight crevices. If you have to make one material decision that protects uptime, it’s this: for most open-tower duty, 316 stainless steel…